A Camera raw

2004-12-27T23:10:00.000-08:00

A Camera raw image file contains the unprocessed data from the image sensor of a digital camera. Also called RAW (although it is not an acronym) or CCD-RAW (even for CMOS sensors), its format is proprietary and differs from one manufacturer to another, and sometimes between cameras made by one manufacturer. The image must be processed and converted to an RGB format such as TIFF or JPEG before it can be manipulated by a bitmap graphics editor, printed, or displayed on a web site.
Nearly all digital cameras can process the image from the sensor into a JPEG file using settings for white balance, color saturation, contrast, and sharpness that are either selected automatically or entered by the photographer before taking the picture. Cameras that support raw files save these settings in the file, but defer the processing. This results in an extra step for the photographer, so raw is normally only used when additional computer processing is intended. However raw permits much greater control than JPEG for several reasons:
Finer control is available for the settings when a mouse and keyboard are available to set them. For example, the white point can be set to any value, not just discrete values like "daylight" or "incandesant". The settings can be previewed and tweaked to obtain the best quality image or desired effect. (With in-camera processing, the values must be set before the exposure.) This is especially pertinent to the white balance setting since color casts can be difficult to correct after the conversion to RGB is done. Most camera raw files have a color depth of 12 bits per pixel instead of the 8 used by JPEG. This allows minor exposure errors to be corrected and tonal changes to be made with less risk of posterization. (However, overexposed areas are just as white with 12 bits as with 8, so using raw is not a substitute for correct exposure.) The working color space can be set to whatever is desired. For example the wide gamut Adobe RGB color space can be used instead of the sRGB color space set by most cameras. Different RGB conversion algorithms can be used, not just the one coded into the camera.

Raw describes

2004-12-27T23:08:00.000-08:00

Raw describes material that is in its natural unprocessed form, or has not had the final stages of processing. For example, raw food refers to food that has not been cooked, and raw silk is the term for unprocessed silk. Raw also has symbolic meaning. See Claude Levi-Strauss' The Raw and the Cooked.
Raw water is water taken from the environment, and is subsequently treated or purified to produce potable water in a water purification works. Raw water should not be considered safe for drinking or washing without further treatment.
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A Camera raw

Raw describes